Some Exact Tamil Essay Competition Topics

Some Exact Tamil Essay Competition TopicsIf you are planning to compete in a Tamil essay competition, you may want to know some of the topics you should be able to include in your essay. Even if you don't know how to write an essay, you will soon realize that it is a very important part of your choice for college or university.The first and most obvious topic to include in your essay is the ten-point format. This format is the common one in many contests and essays, but it is important to take some time to determine whether this format is the one you want to use. If you want to include details about your parents or grandparents in your essay, this is one format that you can use with a lot of success.While the ten-point format is widely used, there are many different subjects that you can discuss in this format. Each person has a story, a past that is difficult to talk about, but is important to tell. This is a good way to help you get started on a topic that you really want to addres s. Besides the normal English sentence constructions, you may also want to include word pictures in your essay, such as a photograph of the person and where they lived, the location of their place of work, or the times they worked at their job.You should not limit yourself to just one topic in the form of your essay, because you may be able to incorporate several different subjects into your writing. You will be giving your essay an even more personal feel, so you may want to be careful with what you include in this format. It is not likely that anyone else reading your work is going to remember the places that you lived or worked or the times that you worked there, so you should not include too much of this in your essay.Sometimes you may want to include a poem that you wrote about the specific times that you lived. This might seem a little strange at first, but you will find that you use poetry in your writing a lot, so you should include a few poems in your essay that you wrote a bout the things that were important to you.Other topics that you may want to include in your essay include notes on details of events in your life. Some examples of topics for this would be the years that you spent in university, the marriage that you attended, the ages that you decided to get married, or the wedding that you had.There are different levels of experience and maturity that you may want to include in your writing. This may include writing about the years that you became a parent, the experiences that you had while you were a teenager, or the emotions that you felt during the years that you spent as a student.

Affirmative Action Is The Perfect Plan - 1173 Words

Affirmative Action On March 6th, 1955, President John F. Kennedy signed executive order 10925 enforcing that government corporations not discriminate against anyone based off their race and skin color. This became â€Å"positive† discrimination otherwise known as affirmative action. Affirmative action is a method benefiting anyone who have experienced discrimination particular to one’s education and/ or employment (Affirmative Action). In today’s age affirmative action is creating â€Å"reverse racism† due to colleges and universities wanting more diversity in their schools, setting white people at an unfair disadvantage. During the 1960’s, implementing race-based affirmative action was the perfect plan, giving diverse people an equal opportunity†¦show more content†¦On February 2nd, 1948, President Truman gave a significant speech to congress in which advocated the rights of equal opportunities within diversity saying, â€Å"If we wish to inspire the people s of the world whose freedom is in jeopardy, if we wish to restore hope to those who have lost their civil liberties.. we must correct the imperfections in our practice of democracy..† (Special Message to the Congress on Civil Rights). This speech played an essential role early on towards supporting equality between different races, ethnicities, and gender. The civil rights movement proposed the â€Å"Equal Protection Clause† and became the 14th amendment in 1955(Wikipedia). This policy defended black people from discrimination in any current day encounters affiliated to education and employment. President Kennedy signed this law, and was the first to label this policy as affirmative action in 1961. Afterwards next president Lyndon B. Johnson took upon affirmative action into his own hands. Johnson s executive order stated that affirmative action, â€Å"prevented discrimination based off skin color, race, and religion by places that were given federal contracts and subcontracts†(Affirmative Action). Johnson’s speech played a major factor by giving a concrete definition to affirmative action. During 1967, affirmative action widened its horizon to incorporate women of all race as well. Opportunities that were once prohibited

Project Management Processing and Development

Question: Discuss about theProject Managementfor Processing and Development. Answer: Introduction Project management is an activity which binds different activities and techniques together for successful completion of the task. It allows all the members to understand their roles and responsibilities. Project Management Methodologies can play an important role in the success of the project in desired time and budget. It becomes difficult to control all the activities without the use of methodologies (Steyn, Dekker and Visser, 2016). The financial and human resources have to be used efficiently. The most commonly used project methodologies include Agile, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Scrum, Six Sigma and NPI (New Product Introduction). The main aim of the project is to understand high level project management in engineering and construction domain. The case study of Brisbane Airports New Runway has been analyzed with the help of PRINCE2 and Waterfall methodology. Main Body Project management involves planning, processing, development, risk management and implementation of various activities. Lack of planning and direction can lead to failure of the project (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). To avoid such issues many companies have adopted project methodologies which act as a guide to them. It provides them with step by step process which helps them to complete all the activities on time. The Brisbane airport authority has carried out intensive research to understand the complexities, quality standards, budgets and scheduling process. Brisbanes Airport project is one of the biggest aviation projects. It involves investment of $1.35 billion which will improve tourism facilities in Brisbane (Guth and Marsh, 2016). The entire project will take six years for completion beginning from 2014 till 2020. It will increase the capacity of the airport which will be able to hold 360,000 flights as compared to 227,000 in 2014. It is a complex project which will involve different activities and phases which are integrated. This project is expected to create more than 2700 jobs. Apart from this, there are three main phases of construction which includes site preparations, reclamation and dredging and pavement and airfield construction (Turner, 2016). The first stage will include drainage works, construction of roads, cross runway system and clearing system. The second stage will cons ist of piling of sand on the site. The final stage will involve activities such as pavement construction, airfield development and commencing the operations. Initial two stages have been completed by the management and the final stage will be completed between 2017 and 2020. But it is essential for the project manager to employ project management methodologies for successful completion of the work. Theses methodologies can increase the probability of the success of the project by providing a schedule, layout and setting priorities for different activities (Gollenia, 2016). It will not only help them to manage their resources efficiently but it will also allow them to effectively integrate all the activities and processes related to the Brisbanes runway construction. Many large and complex projects fail due to lack of collaboration and failure to understand responsibilities. These situations can be avoided by Brisbane airport by adopting project management methodologies (Heagney, 2016). It provides a series for different processes which assists workers and managers. The main objective of the methodologies is to accomplish the task faster and to solve problems arising during the process. Brisbane Airport can use it to specify their activities and in planning the time at which it has to be completed. At present, the management is finding it difficult to collateral and integrate all the activities together. Apart from this, the complexities and technicalities of the project have made it more difficult for them. PRINCE2 and Agile method outlines the tasks and other subsequent tasks (Vijayasarathy and Butler, 2016). It allows the manager to understand and develop a system because each activity relies on the previous task. They can also use project man agement strategies to avoid any uncertainties or unexpected events. The biggest advantage of project methodologies is that it defines the scope, recourse allocation, time, budget and other deliverables which can be communicated to all the members (Morley 2016). Furthermore, the sequences of all the activities have to be decided in advance. Methodologies consider the quality as well as efficiency of the project which increases the chances of success. Moreover, the strategic objective provides benefits in keeping a check and monitoring the progress of the project. The feedback from the workers is taken which has positive impacts of the team members. Brisbane airport is a large project which involves many complex processes. It will be beneficial for the project manager to adopt PRINCE2 in their strategy. The main advantage of this methodology is that it can be tailored according to the need of the organisation. It is completely based on principles and themes (Alotaibi and Mafimisebi, 2016). It reduces the impact of decision making, staff movement and stakeholder management. The seven themes of PRINCE2 include business, organisation, quality, plan, risk, change and progress. On the other hand, its principles include business justification, learning from experience, defining roles, stages management process, management by exception, product focus and changing the project environment. It will allow the project manager to create a blueprint and a model for the runway project (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). They have already decided their processes which include site preparations, reclamation and dredging and pavement and airfield c onstruction. But they have not decided the sequences and activities related to it. PRINCE 2 can help them to set up their processes with the help of seven processes which includes starting the project, initiating, directing, controlling, managing delivery, development of stage boundary and completion of the project (Konstantinou and Mller, 2016). Brisbane Airport project can use these seven processes for improving the success of the runway project. In the first stage, the project manager has to appoint a team and planning is done. The main activities which are included in the stage are designing, preparing outline, creating a project brief, selecting the approach and development of plan for the next stages. Initiation stage involves creating briefs and documents for managing all the activities. Apart from this, all the information is put in front of the board so that they gain understanding about it. It helps in coordinating activities as well as in stakeholders management (Srivanna boon and Munkongsujarit, 2016). All the essentials such as quality, controls, assembling and risk management is done at this stage. Brisbane airport project should have this stage in their process because it gives clarity in the direction and monitoring can be done easily with the help of this. Furthermore, in involves senior management who takes care of many externals activities (Chin, 2004). For example, Heathrow Terminal project failed because the senior management was not actively involved in it. It is essential for Brisbane airport authority to consider this aspect. It can be controlled with the help of PRINCE 2 project methodology. The next stage consists of authorization, management by exceptions, ad hoc development and direction and project closures information. It will allow Brisbane airport to gather all the details and prepare schedules accordingly (Kononenko, Aghaee and Lutsenko, 2016). Construction of runway requires series of activities which have to be coordinated tog ether due to high level of interdependency. The controlling stage involves setting controls for assessing the progress and performance of the project. Brisbane project has not developed appropriate methods for the monitoring of the progress. But PRINCE 2 method suggests development of a control plan and action plans related to it. It will ensure the completion of the project without compromising with the quality. Apart from this, it will provide an opportunity to the employees so that they can test new systems and technologies. This will give them an extra time to remove all the defects from the system (Martens and Carvalho, 2016). Many projects fail to allocate sufficient time for testing and removing errors which results in failure of the project. The nest stage of PRINCE2 is management of deliverables which aims to develop link between project manager and team members. Brisbane airport can increase the chances of their project success by adopting this stage. It will provide all t he details to the team members such as schedules, time constraint, budget, expected efforts, work package, quality standards required etc. This is very important and it has to be communicated to all the employees. It boosts the morale of the workers and they become aware about what is expected from them and what they have to do achieve. Risk management is done after his stage and it consists of preparation of risk register, action palms, reporting procedures and controls (Alvarez-Dionisi, Turner and Mittra, 2016). It will allow them to remove all the uncertainties from the project. They can prepare themselves for any unexpected event which may affect the performance of the project. There can be many events such as technical failure, delay in construction, lack of support from workers, change in design due to stakeholders pressure etc. All these things are considered by PRINCE 2 method and necessary action plans are also created to reduce the impacts of such activities (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright, 2017). The final stage involves follow up actions and evaluation of the project. PRINCE 2 has all the principles which are required for completing the project on time and in budget. Brisbane carport can customize it according to their requirements which will ensure their success. The main problem in the project is complexities and technicalities. It has put pressure on the time schedules which cannot be extended by the project manager. It is essential for them to adopt a project management methodology which will help them in the entire process (Kononenko, Aghaee and Lutsenko, 2016). Brisbane airport can also adopt Waterfall methodology in their project. It is a sequential process which has downward similar to a waterfall (Vijayasarathy and Butler, 2016). The main stages of this methodology includes conception stage, initiation, analyzing, creating designs, initiating the construction, control and testing, implanting or maintenance. Waterfall is widely used methodology in construction projects. Brisbane airports can obtain clear directions and milestones for their runway project. It consists of deliverables, due dates, expectation and quality standards expected by the client. Many authors suggest this methodology where sequential tasks are involved (Srivannaboon and Munkongsujarit, 2016). Waterfall builds a systematic process because it is not possible to create a bathroom without developing its foundation. This strategy focuses on finding out requirements of the entire project before the designing phase (Konstantinou and Mller, 2016). It will allow Brisbane airp ort to go through all the essentials of the project. The team can focus on all the details without even overlooking any one of them. It will also reduce the chances of compatibility issues which may arise during the implementation stage of the project. It is a traditional method but it will allow the management to improve the performance of their runway project. It will be beneficial for the Brisbane airport to adopt PRINCE 2 methodology in their runway project. Traditional or Waterfall project will affect their limited time constraints and schedules. So, it is important for them to understand the needs and requirements of their project (Steyn, Dekker and Visser, 2016). They have to make changes in their methodologies according to it. They will be able to prepare themselves in a better way by the use of various principles, themes and processes of PRINCE 2. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above that project management becomes very effective with the help of methodologies such as Agile, PRINCE2, waterfall etc. It allows project manager to use the resources efficient and to its full capacity. It reduces ambiguities and complexities in the entire process. Project methodologies have become necessary due to large scale projects and stiff time schedules. Project managers have to integrate many activities which are interrelated to each other. Lack of planning and direction can lead to failure of the project. To avoid such issues Brisbane Airport should adopt project methodologies which will help them to improve their performance. It will provide them with step by step guide which helps them to complete all the activities in the desired time. References Alotaibi, A.B. and Mafimisebi, O.P., 2016. Project Management Practice: Redefining Theoretical Challenges in the 21st Century. Project Management, 7(1). Alvarez-Dionisi, L.E., Turner, R. and Mittra, M., 2016. Global project management trends. International Journal of Information Technology Project Management (IJITPM), 7(3), pp.54-73. Chin, G., 2004. Agile project management. AMACOM, New York Gollenia, L.A., 2016. Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Guth, D.W. and Marsh, C., 2016. Public relations: A values-driven approach. Pearson. Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kononenko, I., Aghaee, A. and Lutsenko, S., 2016. Application of the project management methodology synthesis method with fuzzy input data. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2(3 (80)), pp.32-39. Konstantinou, E. and Mller, R., 2016. The role of philosophy in project management. Project Management Journal, 47(3), pp.3-11 Martens, M.L. and Carvalho, M.M., 2016. The challenge of introducing sustainability into project management function: multiple-case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 117, pp.29-40. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016. Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016. Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Morley, C., 2016. Management d'un projet systme d'Information-8e d.: Principes, techniques, mise en oeuvre et outils. Dunod. Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), pp.169-179. Srivannaboon, S. and Munkongsujarit, S., 2016, September. Project management and project portfolio management in open innovation: Literature review. In Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 2016 Portland International Conference on (pp. 2002-2007). IEEE. Steyn, H., Dekker, A.H., Kuschke, B., Van Eck, B.P.S. and Visser, K., 2016. Project management: A multi-disciplinary approach. Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Vijayasarathy, L.R. and Butler, C.W., 2016. Choice of Software Development Methodologies: Do Organizational, Project, and Team Characteristics Matter?. IEEE Software, 33(5), pp.86-94.

Effective communication in health and social care Essay Example

Effective communication in health and social care Paper Communication: The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2015) Interpersonal interaction is a communication process that involves the exchange of information, feelings and meaning by means of verbal and non-verbal messages, between two or more persons. (Ismail, 2014)   Communication is the transfer of information between people. It involves a sender, who is sending a message, and a receiver, who is hearing or seeing a message. The way we transfer this information is by speech (verbal communication), signals such as sign language or picture boards (special communication) or writing (non-verbal communication). This may be the exchange of thoughts, messages, feelings etc. Communication involves verbal, non-verbal, and unspoken ways of making sure our message is heard. The unspoken ways include facial expressions, which are smaller signs of the larger message we are trying to get across. For example a smile can indicate approval, whereas a scowl could indicate disgust or disagreement. The process of communication can be made complicated by many things, such as language differences, cultural background, gender, education, special needs/disabilities etc. Communication is important as it plays a vital part in our survival. Our dependency on our ability to communicate is a very important factor in our survival and success as humans. for example a in a nursery a baby cries when it is hungry and needs to be fed. If this baby could not communicate with its nursery nurse then they would not know to feed it and therefore the baby would die of starvation. Another example is that humans communicate by warning each other of danger, like a teacher in a school telling a child not to eat something poisonous that they’ve found. If the teacher couldnt communicate with the child then the child may eat the poisonous thing and the child may need to have medical treatment with possibly terrible consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective communication in health and social care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effective communication in health and social care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effective communication in health and social care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Communication is the exchange of information between people. This information may be the exchange of thoughts, feelings, messages etc. The way we transfer this information is by verbal communication, such as speech, special communication, such as sign language or picture boards, written communication, such as letters, computerised communication, such as emails or texts, or non-verbal communication, such as body language, facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact. Effective Communication Communication is not just speaking however, it is also engaged listening and being able to understand the emotions of yourself and the person you are communicating with. Sometimes what we try to communicate gets lost in translation despite our best intentions. We say one thing and the other person hears another thing, ending is misunderstandings and possibly conflicts. This is why effective communication is important, to avoid the possibility of this happening. Learning effective communication, using theories such as Egan’s SOLER theory, and Argyle’s communication cycle, can help you improve the communication skills that enable you to effectively connect with others, build trust and respect, and feel heard and understood. You will know that the communication is effective when correct understanding is achieved between the sender and receiver of the information of the emotion and intentions behind the information. Effective communication is needed for different reasons in different scenarios for different purposes. For example: In a workplace, the boss will use effective communication to establish and maintain good working relationships with employees. They will have to use effective communication to help understand how their employees are feeling and asses their needs. They will use effective communication to ensure they get their point across in meetings so that everybody knows their duties and where they stand within the company. Effective communication is also important in a workplace to ensure safety in the work environment, for example whoever is in charge of the health and safety of the workplace will have to effectively communicate so they the employees know what to do in dangerous situation, for example in the event of a fire, because if the communication is not effective, the employees may not understand what they have to do resulting in possibly disastrous consequences when a dangerous situation arises. Effective communication is vital for those who work in the childcare sector, as the practitioners need to build and maintain good relationships with the children, their parents, and possibly other relevant authorities (such as social workers, health visitors, police etc.) This is because it is imperative that everybody is provided with the necessary information that they need, so the communication must be concise and clear. The practitioners must communicate effectively in order to gain and share information about the child and discuss care plans. Without effective communication the practitioners cannot engage productively with each other, resulting in the child possibly receiving the wrong care, and the needs of the child may not be met. The child must also engage in effective communication with practitioners to ensure that we know what their needs are, and how they are feeling. They must feel comfortable with the practitioner and build mutual trust and respect in order for them to be cared for properly. In a care home for the elderly, the care worker must communicate with the elderly in a friendly and positive manner. If the care worker was walking around and sharply asking each person: ‘You want tea or coffee?’ it would seem rude. The behaviour would come across as cold, disrespectful, and mechanical. The care worker should start off a conversation first, perhaps ask the person how their day is going, and then offer them a drink, giving them the options of the drinks available. This would give the elderly person the impression that the care worker is being friendly and doing the act out of kindness, not just carrying out a practical task of their job. either way, the person receives a drink, however the actions leading up to this determine how the person feels once the conversation has ended. You want to leave the person with the right feelings/emotions, and so ending the conversation in a friendly manner, such as saying have a nice day, shows that you value them. There are different types of communication, such as one-to-one or group communication, and different methods of communication that can be used, dependant on the setting in which they are going to be used in, and the purpose for communication. These are: Verbal When one person speaks and another listens. Used by care workers to find out information, responding to questions, provide support to others, reply to complaints etc. In verbal communication, the speaker analyses and interprets the information before responding, but not taking too long to respond. The communication cycle demonstrates that effective verbal communications consists of not only speaking, but engaged listening too. When practising good verbal communication, the conversation will be able to be continued with replies and obvious interest will be shown. When the communication is verbal its very important to make sure that you speak clearly and at a reasonable volume so that the person you are speaking to can hear what you say without feeling embarrassed if they dont understand. Another reason to speak clearly is so that a client can lip read if they need to. Non-verbal Communication without speech, such as facial expression, physical contact, hand gestures, eye contact and proximity. All of these contribute to how the message receiver interprets the message that the message sender is trying to put across. For example a care receiver may show the care giver, via body language and/or facial expression, that they are experiencing pain or discomfort, without the needs of speech/verbal communication. Similarly how if a care giver is within very close proximity of the person they are communicating with, it may give off the impression that they are being threatening, and make the person feel uncomfortable. Non-verbal communication can be very helpful to those with disabilities, as gestures and signs can be universal, however there can be problems if gestures are misinterpreted, not understood, or mean different things to different people. Nonverbal communication should reinforce what is being said, not contradict it. If you say one thing, but your body language says something else, your listener will likely feel you’re being dishonest. (Helpguide.org, 2015) Computerised Computerised communication is the use of technology for communicating with others, such as via email. Emails can be both formal and informal depending on their purpose. Using computerised communication provides a fast way of sending messages to others, that can be received within a matter of seconds, as opposed to posting a letter and having to wait days for it to be received/replied to. In addition to the speed, graphics, sounds and videos can also be exchanged via computerised technology. Computerised technology may be used in a doctor’s surgery to exchange information between a general practitioner and a consultant/hospital they are referring a patient to. A good advantage of computerised communication is that you are not face-to-face and therefore you have longer to analyse and prepare a response, whereas in face-to-face verbal communication you must reply relatively fast or you may come across as rude. However, along with the advantages of computerised technology, there are disadvantages too, such as if the person you are trying to communicate with via email, for example, is not trained to use computers, and problems can arise if information is not kept confidential. Written Written communication is similar to verbal, however it is written down on paper/on a computer. When using written communication the accuracy of what is written is extremely important. Formal records must be kept accurate and to date It must be correct and legible, as inaccuracies can lead to lead to complaints, incidents not being addressed, people being given the wrong treatment, or given the wrong information, which may lead to disastrous results which you can be held accountable for. Written communication could be used in a school, where the pupils information, such as parent contact number, home address, or any medical issues the school needs to be aware of, could be recorded and put on the computer systems. A strength of written communication is that there will always be written proof of what has been said. Special(Sign language, Braille, Choice boards) Special forms of communication such as braille, sign language and choice boards can be especially useful to those with sight or hearing difficulties, or foreign people. However there can be issues if both parties are not trained in the method. Special communication, such as choice boards, could be used in a school with disabled children, when the children are choosing, for example, what they would like to eat, but have speech difficulties. In this situation group or one-to-one communication could be used, depending on the circumstances. Sign language, such as British Sign Language or Makaton, could be used in a day care centre for people with hearing difficulties, to communicate in a wide range of everyday conversations. An advantage of special communication is that people that have any disabilities can still communicate with others and say what they want to say. An advantage of British sign language is that it’s not reliant on money or technology, as people can just use their hands. However, a disadvantage is that the person receiving the sign language message must be able to understand British sign language too, or there will need to be a translator who understands British sign language to translate the sign language to the person they are trying to communicate with. Formal Formal communication is used in many health and social care situations, as it is understood by the majority of people and usually doesnt create communication barriers in the ways which other forms of communication, such as informal language, might do. Formal communication shows respect to the people you are communicating with. When someone enters a reception desk, for example in a day care facility, we expect to be greeted politely. If we were greeting with something like what do you want then it would cause offense and would be seen as very rude. However, the degree of how formal the language is differs between the situation in which it is being used in, and the care worker must adjust the way they are speaking depending on which situation they are in. If someone speaks too formally they may put the person they are talking to on edge and make them feel uncomfortable, but if someone is being spoken to too informally, then they may feel as if they are not being taken seriously or being respected. Informal Informal communication is used between people who know each other well, for example friends and family. Friends and family may use jargon between one another that others would not understand, therefore wouldnt be suitable to use with other people, such as slang words only used locally, which someone from another part of the country may not understand. Very informal language would be inappropriate to use in many health and social care settings, such as in a doctors surgery, as this would create communication barriers between yourself and the patient, and you may come across as impolite. For example, it would be acceptable when a patient enters a doctors office for the doctor to greet them formally, address them as Mr or Mrs, and shake their hand in a respectable tone at a volume that is not too quiet for the patient to hear, but not too loud that you are shouting at them. If, when the patient entered the room, the doctor said Alright mate hows it going? It would not be surprising if the patient was taken aback, and offended at the doctors speech. In addition to the use of informal language possibly being seen as impolite, using slang/jargon with someone from another country, who may not speak English as their first language, could also create language barriers between the two of you. The person may feel uncomfortable as they do not understand what you are saying and there could be misunderstandings and misinterpretations of what is being said. Another precaution that needs to be taken by care workers who work with people with special needs is how they word things, for example using phrases such as â€Å" pull your socks up† to mean something along the lines of ‘pull yourself together’, could be taken literally by, for example, autistic people, and this could confuse them a lot. For example: one-to-one verbal communication would be best suitable in a setting like a doctor’s office, between the patient and the doctor, as the conversation would be about one specific person and their problems/needs, and the doctor will be responding to just that one individual by prescribing a medication, or describing a solution to that person’s specific issue. The doctor may then use computerised communication to contact a hospital or consultant that they would like to refer the patient to, or to prescribe a specific mediation for the patient. One-to-one verbal communication would also be used in a setting such as a teacher/parent school meeting, discussing a specific child, as what the teacher is saying only concerns the parents of that individual child, or if the teacher is concerned about a student but it is not essential that the teacher speaks to the parent face-to-face, then they may use written communication to send a letter home, or use computerised communication to email the parent. Whereas, a setting where a group interaction using verbal communication may be more appropriate would be a group therapy setting, as the clients in the therapy session may be more likely to open up and express themselves if they are around peop1le of similar situations. In a group interaction, all participants must want to be involved for it to work. It is important that the correct emotional atmosphere is set, as sometimes people may feel threatened if they have to speak within a formal group of people, or they might stay quiet because they are worried about other people’s reactions. When speaking in a larger group of people, you should not discuss confidential information and/or problems about any of the participants that they may have shared with you in the past, unless they themselves bring it up and share it with the rest of the group. If one particular member of the group is not participating, it may be helpful to give them some gentle encouragement, however you must be careful that it does not seem like you are pressuring them to talk, and they only should if they feel comfortable doing so. Likewise, if everybody is talking at once people wont be able to listen properly and the communication is not effective. When communicating in a group it is important that everybody can see each other clearly. This is because being able to see each others facial expressions and body language plays a huge part in effective communication; an example of this would be all sitting in a circle facing each other. This is very important because it will develop a positive group feeling and people will be able to decode the messages in each others facial expressions and gestures. If people are sitting in rows behind one another, they cannot see each others facial expressions or body language, making the communication less personal and making the group communication, as a whole, a lot harder than it needs to be. Type of interpersonal interaction Explained Speech Speech is the verbal means of communication, consisting of how speech sounds are made (articulation), the rhythm of speech (fluency), tone, pitch and volume. The fluency of speech is very important in the care setting as hesitations or stuttering can affect communication as the other person may not understand you, as is articulation, such as children must learn to pronounce their r sounds, in order t say three not thwee. For example if a doctor was stuttering and their articulation was poor, the patient may mishear what the doctor is saying, for example their medication dosage, and may overdose as a consequence of this misunderstanding. When someone is unable to produce certain speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with their voice, then they have a speech disorder. Language Language is different to speech. Language is made up of socially shared rules such as the meaning of words (like the word â€Å"right† can mean either correct, or the opposite of left.), how to put words together to make sentences, and what words are best in different situations, like if a nursery teacher was talking to a child they would use simple sentences with basic words, so that the young child can understand them. When a person has trouble understanding what others are saying to them, or sharing their thoughts, ideas, and feelings completely (expressive language), then they have a language disorder. Posture Your posture is an important part of communication, and can affect how you are perceived by others. An open posture expresses friendliness and positivity. In an open posture you will be sitting up straight with your feet spread apart, and the palms of your hands facing outwards. Your chest will be exposed (arms not crossed etc) and you will face the other person during conversation. University of Northern Iowa College of Business Administration notes that people with open postures are perceived as being more persuasive than those with other postures. (livestrong.com, 2014) Crossing your arms across your chest, crossing your legs away from someone, sitting in a hunched forward position, showing the backs of your hands and clenching your fists are all signs of closed posture, and may give the impression of hostility, boredom and detachment. Facial expression Facial expressions are subtle signs of the larger message we are trying to send. A simple smile can show approval and acceptance, whereas a scowl could portray the feelings of disgust or disapproval. Understanding facial expressions in very important in communication, as assumptions can be made about the facial expressions of the people communicating, possibly leading to misunderstandings. For example in a doctor’s office at the reception, if a patient is trying to make an appointment with the receptionist, and the receptionist is scowling at them, they may feel uncomfortable and as if the receptionist sees them as inferior. Facial expressions can also help communication, as over text things may seem rude or blunt, whereas if these things were said in person, with a smile on the senders face, the receiver would feel more at ease and that they are not meaning to come across as blunt. Touch Touch can be used to express empathy and understanding of another person. It can be used to show someone that you care and are there for them. For example if a nurse has to break some bad news to someone in a hospital, he/she may put their arm around the person to show that they are sympathetic and supporting them. Silence Silence is a good communication device when verbally communicating with someone. Leaving deliberate short silences can leave time for both parties to think about what has been said/what they are going to say next, and can improve the overall understanding of the conversation. For example if a teacher is telling off a child for someone wrong they have done, they may leave silences in between what they are saying, for the child to think and reflect on what the teacher has said, and what they would like to say next. The teacher may ask rhetorical questions to the child to prompt them to really think about what they have done, and leave silences after asking so that the child has time to think. Proximity Proximity can be both negative and positive when communicating. If someone is sittng very close to you it could portray intimacy and friendship, if you know the person well and have a good relationship with them. On the other hand it could be seen as threatening or intimidating, if someone you don’t know very well if talking to you very closely. This also depends on the context of the conversation and the other persons tone of voice. Reflective listening Reflective listening is the process of restating back to the speaker what they have said, both the feelings and the words. This is to allow the speaker to focus on what they feel and to show the speaking that you are trying to see things from their point of view, and to hear what they have said so they can focus on their feelings, encouraging them to continue speaking. Reflective listening does not involve introducing new topics or asking questions, it is used to help the speaker understand them and focus on their ideas. This is best used in counselling situations, as the counsellor can use reflective listening to make sure that the person they are counselling isnt just speaking constantly and rambling on, they can show to person that they are listening, and use filler words, like hmm to give the speaker time to think, and to show that the counsellor is paying attention. The counsellor could use words to encourage the speaker to carry on and elaborate on their feelings, helping the counsellor to understand the person and decide what actions to take/what to say to them, and helping the speaker express themselves and understand themselves more by speaking their feelings out loud.

primary colors essays

primary colors essays "Primary Colors" is a fictional account of a presidential primary campaign. The book is writen by Anonymous, who we now know is Newsweek colunmnist Joe Klein. Klein includes a disclainer saying he invented the characters and situations, but I feel that the book is about the Clintons. All the events are there. The champaign takes place in 1992. Stanton is the governor of a small Southern state. He has an authoritative wife, Suzan. He also has problems with promisuity, draft dodging, and war protest. The central charactor of the book is not Jack Stanton but the narrator Henry Burton. Former congressional aide and grandson of the famous civil rights leader, Harvey Burton. Henry tells the story of Governor Jack Stanton's presidential campaign. Young, black and no novice to insider politics, he signs on as deputy campaign manager but rapidly becomes the Governor's right hand man and psychological confident. Henry struggles with his role in the campaign, his responsibility to the candidate, and most disturbingly with how much he actually knows and believes in the real Jack Stantonthe man he would help become the leader of the United States of America. He also developes an odd comradeship in the manic, obsessive Richard Jemmons. The governor of a small southern state, Jack Stanton is the consummate politician. His love for the American people is palpable, but starkly contrasted with his relentless pursuit of power and his on-going sexual indiscretions. He is a master of the political system. Stanton has gone to great measures to surround himself with unwavering supporters, from his wife Susan Stanton to people he connects with along the campaign. Stanton is man who wants to be president and will let nothing, least of all his own Susan Stanton is a skilled lawyer and experienced campaigner. She shares the Governor's same ruthless desire but is as carefu ...

Gardasil Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gardasil Critique - Essay Example But is Gardasil all that it is cracked up to be After all, even when vaccinated, there is still a 30% incidence of cervical cancer. Not to mention, it has been reported that the vaccine will not protect against or treat infections in women who have already had infections with HPV -16, -18, -6, and/or -11. FDA Administrator Dr. Andrew von Eschenbach said the vaccine will have "a dramatic effect" on the health of women around the world. This vaccine is supposed to have a lot of side effects as well. Few incidents in the past have raised few concerns regarding this vaccine. As of 22 May 2007, 7 Victorian schoolgirls from Sacred Heart Girls' College were briefly hospitalized after receiving an injection of the Gardasil vaccine and were taken to the Monash Medical Centre. One was temporarily paralysed. Health authorities do not believe that these are directly related to the vaccine. Talking about major concerns, the first concern is that Gardasil may result in an increased number of cases of a cancer precursor among patients who are already infected by one of the four targeted HPV types when they're given the vaccine; and whose immune systems haven't eliminated the virus from their bodies, the AP reported. Secondly, any advantage provided by the vaccine in protecting against the four targeted HPV types could be offset by infection by the numerous other HPV types that aren't affected by the

Rise of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rise of Capitalism - Essay Example In a capitalist society there is competition in the market. Friedrich (1995) states that competition in the capitalist system is based on the assumptions that there are many buyers and sellers in the market, This assumption means that the existence of many buyers and sellers means that the prices and conditions in the market cannot be controlled by one buyer or seller. The other assumption is that there are zero barriers to entry and exit into an industry by firms, this means that the market supply and demand depends ion the nature of market where if only some firms controlled the market than competition will be limited and prices determined by the firm in the industry. The other assumption is that consumers have knowledge regarding prices in the market. This means that a consumer has information regarding the quality and price of a product and therefore firms will compete in the market to meet consumer price and quality requirements. Therefore the capitalist society is characterised by competition and this competition leads to the proper allocation of resources of production, the other systems have limited competition where in the socialist society no competition is evident because this system is based on equality philosophy. Motivation:The capitalist society through its competitive nature helps in promoting increased production and innovative ideas. The nature of the capitalist society motivates individuals to involve themselves in production activities unlike other forms.... Therefore this system is different from the socialist and feudal systems in that there is private ownership of property. Competition: In a capitalist society there is competition in the market. Friedrich (1995) states that competition in the capitalist system is based on the assumptions that there are many buyers and sellers in the market, This assumption means that the existence of many buyers and sellers means that the prices and conditions in the market cannot be controlled by one buyer or seller. The other assumption is that there are zero barriers to entry and exit into an industry by firms, this means that the market supply and demand depends ion the nature of market where if only some firms controlled the market than competition will be limited and prices determined by the firm in the industry. The other assumption is that consumers have knowledge regarding prices in the market. This means that a consumer has information regarding the quality and price of a product and therefore firms will compete in the market to meet consumer price and quality requirements. Therefore the capitalist society is characterised by competition and this competition leads to the proper allocation of resources of production, the other systems have limited competition where in the socialist society no competition is evident because this system is based on equality philosophy. Motivation: The capitalist society through its competitive nature helps in promoting increased production and innovative ideas. The nature of the capitalist society motivates individuals to involve themselves in production activities unlike other forms of economic organisation. Given that production resources are scarce the individuals in the economy will compete